Mandukya

The Mandukya Upanishad is an important Upanishad in Hinduism, particularly to its Advaita Vedanta school. It succinctly presents several central doctrines, namely that "the universe is Brahman," "the Self (Atma) exists and is Brahman," and "the four states of consciousness".

Mandukya Upanishad

This letter that is Om is all this. Of this a clear exposition (is started with): All that is past, present, or future is verily Om. And whatever is beyond the three periods of time is also verily Om.

All this is surely Brahman. This Self is Brahman. The Self, such as it is, is possessed of four quarters.

The first quarter is Vai'svanara whose sphere (of action) is the waking state, whose consciousness relates to things external, who is possessed of seven limbs and nineteen mouths, and who enjoys gross things.

Taijasa is the second quarter, whose sphere (of activity) is the dream state, whose consciousness is internal, who is possessed of seven limbs and nineteen mouths, and who enjoys subtle objects.

That state is deep sleep where the sleeper does not desire any enjoyable thing and does not see any dream. The third quarter is Prajna who has deep sleep as his sphere, in whom everything becomes undifferentiated, who is a mass of mere consciousness, who abounds in bliss, who is surely an enjoyer of bliss, and who is the doorway to the experience (of the dream and waking states).

This one is the Lord of all; this one is Omniscient; this one is the inner Director (of all); this one is the Source of all; this one is verily the place of origin and dissolution of all beings.

He who is neither inward wise, nor outward wise, nor both inward and outward wise, nor wisdom self-gathered, nor possessed of wisdom, nor unpossessed of wisdom, He Who is unseen and incommunicable, unseizable, featureless, unthinkable, and unnameable, whose essentiality is awareness of the Self in its single existence, in Whom all phenomena dissolve, Who is Calm, Who is Good, Who is the One than Whom there is no other, Him they deem the fourth; He is the Self, He is the object of Knowledge.

Now this the Self, as to the imperishable Word, is OM; and as to the letters, His parts are the letters and the letters are His parts, namely, A U M.

Awakened-state, 'vaishvanarah'-universal-man, 'he' because of his 'aditva' and 'pervasiveness' is 'formless', first alphabet; One who thus knows Him becomes all-pervading and obtains all his desires; He himself becomes the eternal (Adi) and the beginning.

The dream-state, 'tejas'--'the one who resides in the resplendent mind'-'he' because of his 'eminence' (Utkarsha) and 'madhyamavastha' (Ubhayatva) is 'Ukara', the second alphabet; He who thus knows Him transcends (still elevates) the limits of his knowledge and rises above inequalities; In the family of such a person, the progeny born from his semen would not be 'Abrahmavid' (not knowing Brahman).

The Sleeper, Prajna, the Lord of Wisdom, He is M, the third letter, because of Measure and Finality; he that knows Him for such measure with himself the Universe and becomes the departure into the Eternal.

Letterless is the fourth, the Incommunicable, the end of phenomena, the Good, the One than Whom there is no other; thus is OM. He that know is the Self and enter by his self into the Self, he that know, he that know.

Krishjan
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