Vaisesik Sutra

Vaisheshik Sutra is the main book of Vaisheshika philosophy composed by Kanad Muni. In the Vaisesikasutra, Kanada has given instructions on six substances namely Substance, Quality, Action, Samanya, Vishesha and Samavaya.

Second Chapter

Because of its difference from Colour, Taste, Smell, and Touch, Unity is a different object.

Similarly, Separateness (is a different object).

The non-existence of Unity and Individuality, in Unity and Individuality, is explained by minuteness and magnitude.

Actions and Attributes being void of Number, universal Unity does not exist.

That (i.e., the cognition of Unity in Action and Attribute) is erroneous.

In consequence of the non-existence of Unity, however, secondariness would not exist.

Effect and cause are neither the same nor similar (in being equally distinguished from all other things); therefore, Unity and (single) Individuality do not exist in them.

This, (as) explained in the case of the two non-eternals (namely, Number and Separateness, should be understood only in the case of non-eternal Unity and Separateness of one).

Conjunction is produced by action of any one of two things, is produced by action of both, and is produced by Conjunction, also.

By this Disjunction is explained.

The non-existence of Conjunction and Disjunction, in Conjunction and Disjunction, is explained by Minuteness and Magnitude.

Actions are (void) of Actions; Attributes are (void) of Attributes. This (is explained) by Minuteness and Magnitude.

In consequence of the absence of separate existence, there exist not Conjunction and Disjunction of effect and cause.

(There can be no conjunction of Sound or Words with Objects), because Conjunction, is an Attribute.

Attribute also is known (to be an object denoted by Word) or is established (by Word).

Because Word and Object are inert.

(Word and Object are not in conjunction), also because in the case of a non-existent object there is such application (of word) as “(It) does not exist.”.

(Therefore), Word and Object are unrelated.

(Cognition of Conjunction results) from (e.g.,) the staff, which is in conjunction (with the hand of a man), and (of Combination) from a distinguishing element which is in combination (with the whole).

The intuition of Object from Word (takes place) according to the direction (of God).

The Prior and the Posterior (are produced by two objects) lying in the same direction, existing at the same time, and being near and remote.

(Temporal Priority and temporal Posteriority are said, by suggestion, to arise respectively) from Priority of the cause and from Posteriority of the cause.

The non-existence of Priority and Posteriority, in Priority and Posteriority, is explained by mintuteness and magnitude.

Actions are (void) of Actions.

Attributes are (void) of Attributes.

That is Combination by virtue of which (arises the intuition) in the form of “This is here,” with regard to effect and cause.

The negation of Substance-ness and Attribute-ness (in Combination) is explained by Existence.

The Unity (of Combination, is explained) by Existence.

Krishjan
Krishjan | Explore Dharma

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