हिन्दी
The non-production (of the smell which is perceived in the cloth), after or during its contact with a flower, from the Attribute (of the constitutive cause of the cloth), is the mark of the non-existence of smell in the cloth.
Smell is established in Earth.
By this hotness is explained.
Hotness (is the characteristic) of Fire.
Coldness (is the characteristic) of Water.
‘Posterior’ in respect of that which is posterior, ‘simultaneous’, ‘slow,’ ‘quick,’—Such (cognitions) are the marks of Time.
The Substance-ness and eternality (of Time) are explained by (the explanation of the Substance-ness and eternality of) Air.
The unity (of Time is explained), by (the explanation of the unity of) Existence.
The name Time is applicable to a cause, inasmuch as it does not exist in eternal substances and exists in non-eternal substances.
That which gives rise to such (cognition and usage) as “This (is remote, etc.) from this,” — (the same is) the mark of Space.
The substanceness and eternality (of Space are) explained by (the explanation of the Substance-ness and eternality of) Air.
The unity (of space is explained) by (the explanation of the unity of) Existence.
The diversity (of Space) is due to the difference of effect.
(The direction comes to be regarded as) the east, from the past, future, or present conjunction of the sun.
South, West, and North also are similarly (distinguished).
By this, the intervals of direction are explained.
Doubt arises from the perception of (the object containing) the general property, the non-perception of the differentia, and the recollection of the alternatives, all at once or in one act of thought.
And that which is seen, resembles that which was seen — (this also is the source of Doubt).
(Doubt also arises), where that which has been seen in one form, is seen in a different form.
Doubt (arises) also from science and nescience.
Sound is that object of which the organ of apprehension is the Ear.
(Doubt arises in respect of Sound), because its difference is observed both in (from) homogeneous objects and in (from) heterogeneous objects.
(Sound) is not a Substance, since it resides in one Substance only.
Nor (is Sound) an Action, because it is not an object of visual perception.
The resemblance (of Sound), although it is an Attribute, with Actions, consists in its speedy destruction.
(Sound does not exist before utterance), because there is no mark of (Sound as) existent (before utterance).
(Sound is not something which only requires to be brought to light), because it differs in property from what is-eternal.
And Sound is non-eternal, (because it is observed to be produced) by a cause.
Nor is (the dependence of Sound upon a cause) disproved by its modifications.
(Sound is not eternal), because the theory that it requires to be revealed only, will entail a defect.
Sound is produced from Conjunction, from Disjunction, and from Sound also.
Sound is non-eternal, also because of its mark.
(Sound is eternal), because (otherwise) the occupations of both (the teacher and the pupil) will vanish out of existence.
From the word, ‘the-first,’ (it follows that Sound is eternal).
(The eternality of Sound follows), also from the possibility of recognition.
Plurality (of Sound) existing, (these arguments are) inconclusive.
The existence of number (in Sound) is with reference to the Genus.
